Christian LAPLACE is Anesthetist – Resuscitator, hospital practitioner in surgical resuscitation at the University Hospital of Bicêtre, Holder of a Diploma of Advanced Studies in cardiovascular and respiratory physiology and physiopathology, Holder of an Inter-University Diploma in echocardiography, Holder of a European Inter-University Diploma in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Trainer for the University Diploma in traumatology from the University of Paris XI, the IUD in echocardiography and the IUD in neuro-resuscitation